Poland has inaugurated its second AI factory in its southern city of Kraków.

Known as the Gaia AI Factory, the 10 exaflop supercomputer will harness more than a thousand GPU accelerators to facilitate the training of advanced AI models and research into practical applications for the technology in education, healthcare, and public administration

Jointly funded by Poland and the European Union and overseen by ACK Cyfronet, a spinout of the AGH University of Kraków, the project’s total estimated cost is 300 million PLN ($82m).

The Gaia AI Factory is scheduled to begin operations at the latter’s Kraków data center in 2027. DCD has approached ACK Cyfronet for comment.

“Gaia AI Factory is not just another supercomputer, but above all, the foundation of a new artificial intelligence ecosystem in Poland,” said Marek Magryś, the firm’s director.

“We are combining infrastructure, data, and competencies to enable innovation development on a European scale. Thanks to this investment, Polish scientists and entrepreneurs will gain access to tools that until recently were available only to the largest global technology players.”

The Gaia AI Factory will provide computing power several times larger than that of ACK Cyfronet’s Helios system, a 35-petaflop supercomputer and the largest such machine assembled by the firm to date.

The former will also form part of the EU-backed European High Performance Computing Joint Undertaking to create a continent-wide network of AI infrastructure. The Gaia AI Factory is the second such AI supercomputing initiative in Poland, following the launch of the PIAST AI supercomputing hub in the western city of Poznań in June 2025. Other facilities include the LUMI AI Factory, the main hub of which is located at Aalto University in Espoo, southern Finland, and the HammerHAI supercomputer in Stuttgart, Germany.

ACK Cyfronet was founded in 1973, as part of an initiative by the Polish government to buy a large computer for use by academic researchers in Kraków. As of 1999, the firm has been financially and organisationally separate from the AGH University of Kraków.

The city itself is home to 12 data centers, according to DataCenterMap. This market is set to expand later this year with the construction of a new 4MW facility by Cisco at a cost of 200 million PLN ($56.5 million).

Learn more about the data center market in Poland and Eastern Europe, and meet with other executives and experts from the region at the DCN Warsaw event later this year.